(lilies ). "To the chief musician upon Shoshannim" is a musical direction to the leader of the temple choir which occurs in ( Psalms 45:1 ; 69:1 ) and most probably indicates the melody "after" or "in the manner of" (Authorized Version upon") which the psalms were to be sung. Shoshannim-eduth occurs in the same way in the title of ( Psalms 80:1 ) ... As the words now stand they signify "lilies, a testimony," and the two are separated by a large distinctive accent. In themselves they have no meaning in the present text, and must therefore be regarded as probably a fragment of the beginning of an older psalm with which the choir were familiar.